This report evaluates the use of certified questions of state law between 2010 and 2018 in three U.S. circuit courts of appeal: the Ninth, Sixth, and Third Circuits. The data shows variation in the rate of certification and timing of certification events between the circuits.

In 1999, at the direction of the Judicial Officers Resources Working Group appointed by the Chief Justice, the Center conducted studies of the use of visiting judges in the district courts.

Superseded by The Use of Visiting Judges in the Federal District Courts: A Guide for Judges and Court Personnel (updated 2003).In 1999, at the direction of the Judicial Officers Resources Working Group appointed by the Chief Justice, the Center conducted studies of the use of visiting judges in t