Grave Risk Defense | Child’s Objection to Return | Role of Trial Court

In this case, after being left in the father’s care for two years, a child was removed from Brazil by his maternal aunt and taken to Massachusetts to live with his mother.

Ameliorative Measures | Undertakings | Office of Children’s Issues | Grave Risk | Foreign Law

Domestic Violence | Grave Risk | Child Not a Target of Abuse | No Expert Witness Required to Testify to Psychological Dangers to the Child

This case addressed the question whether domestic violence against a parent poses grave risk to a child.

Grave Risk Defense | Intimate Partner Violence in Child’s Presence