The Use of Undertakings in Cases Arising Under the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction
(James D. Garbolino, March 2016)
This article describes the use of undertakings in 1980 Hague Convention cases. Undertakings are official promises, concessions, or agreements given to a court. They are typically given in Hague Convention cases by the parent who has petitioned for the child’s return.

The Impact of the Brussels II Regulation on Hague Convention Proceedings in the European Union
(James D. Garbolino, March 2016)
This article describes the impact of the 2003 enactment of the Brussels II bis Regulation, under which courts in the European Union became bound by a separate and additional set of laws governing Hague return cases. Besides adopting procedures for handling cases under the 1980 Convention, Brussels II bis covers a broad range of child-related family law issues, including conflict of law and exercise of jurisdiction. The adoption of Brussels II bis has no direct impact on U.S. courts handling Hague Convention proceedings involving an EU country.