This guide provides an overview of available methods for service of process on foreign defendants, focusing on the issues most likely to require judicial intervention. The volume addresses how service may be conducted under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(f) when no treaty applies and discusses two relevant treaties, the Hague Service Convention and the Inter-American Convention on Letters Rogatory (IASC) and Additional Protocol (collectively, IACAP), and how these treaties interact with Rule 4(f).