Leidy Klotz, author of Subtract: The Untapped Science of Less, shares how subtracting before adding can create better outcomes, especially when we are clear about what we want to accomplish. Klotz’s innovative research shows how subtracting doesn’t necessarily mean doing less; rather it’s an important first step for individuals and organizations that want to improve processes and solve problems.

In addition to several research articles, Leidy’s work has appeared in the journals Nature and Science and been featured on NPR’s Hidden Brain podcast. He is an interdisciplinary professor of engineering, architecture, and business at the University of Virginia whose research focuses on the science of design.

A four-page Reading and Discussion Guide (shared with permission) complements this episode.